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An HTTP Tunnel is a method used to encapsulate network traffic over the HTTP or HTTPS protocol, often employed to bypass firewalls or proxy servers. This technique is especially valuable in scenarios where direct access to the internet or specific network services is restricted.

How an HTTP Tunnel Works

Encapsulation:

The HTTP Tunnel encapsulates network protocols like TCP or UDP within HTTP or HTTPS requests and responses.

Encapsulation is done to make non-HTTP traffic appear as standard web traffic, which is less likely to be blocked by firewalls.

Client and Server Components:

A client-side tunneling application sends non-HTTP traffic disguised as HTTP/HTTPS traffic.

A server-side component (tunnel endpoint) receives this traffic, de-encapsulates it, and forwards it to its intended destination.

Common Techniques:

HTTP CONNECT Method: Creates a direct TCP connection through a proxy.

Polling: Periodic HTTP requests are made to simulate real-time data flow.

WebSocket Upgrade: Upgrades the HTTP connection to a WebSocket for more efficient communication.

Common Use Cases

Bypassing Firewalls:

Organizations often block non-HTTP protocols to enhance security.

HTTP Tunneling allows protocols like FTP, SSH, or custom applications to operate under HTTP, avoiding restrictions.

Accessing Geo-Restricted Content:

HTTP tunnels are sometimes used with VPN services to bypass geo-blocking measures.

Secure Remote Work:

Tunneling applications can help remote employees securely access company resources through restricted networks.

Testing and Development:

Developers use HTTP tunnels to expose local servers to the internet for testing and debugging webhooks.